TRANSFORMING EDUCATION THROUGH SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERY
Conference proceedings are recommended for scientists and teachers in higher education establishments. They can be used in education, including the process of post - graduate teaching, preparation for obtain bachelors' and masters' degrees. The review of all articles was accomplished by experts, materials are according to authors copyright. The authors are responsible for content, researches results and errors.
BOSHLANG‘ICH SINF O‘QUVCHILARIDA MATNLAR USTIDA ISHLASH KO‘NIKMASINI PIRLS DASTURI ASOSIDA RIVOJLANTIRISH MASALALARI
Ushbu tezisda PIRLS xalqaro baholash dasturi talablari asosida boshlang‘ich sinf o‘quvchilarida matnlar ustida ishlash ko‘nikmasini shakllantirishga yo‘naltirilgan metodik tavsiyalar ishlab chiqildi. Mazkur metodik tavsiyalar nazariy xulosalarga emas, balki dars jarayonida bevosita qo‘llash mumkin bo‘lgan amaliy yo‘riqnomalar sifatida tavsiya etiladi
ЯЗЫКОВОЙ ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТ В ПРОЗЕ ДАНИИЛА ХАРМСА И ОБЭРИУ
В данной работе рассматриваются особенности языкового эксперимента в прозе Даниила Хармса и представителей литературного объединения ОБЭРИУ. Основное внимание уделяется языковым приемам, которые помогают создать эффект абсурда и раскрывают необычные возможности художественного языка. Также показано, как с помощью простых слов, повторов и нарушения привычной логики автор создает особый художественный мир и заставляет читателя по-новому воспринимать текст
СОЦИАЛЬНЫЕ СЕТИ КАК НОВЫЙ ИСТОЧНИК НОВОСТЕЙ
Социальные сети приобрели важную роль в процессе распространения информации, существенно повлияв на способы получения новостей. В статье рассматриваются особенности функционирования социальных платформ как источников новостей, преимущества и вызовы, которые они создают как для аудитории, так и для традиционных медиа. Анализируются проблемы достоверности, влияния алгоритмов и роль пользователя в медиапотреблении
THE COST OF BORROWED CAPITAL: ACCOUNTING FOR INTEREST EXPENSES AND FINANCIAL LIABILITIES UNDER CONTEMPORARY REPORTING STANDARDS
Interest expense is one of the most consequential figures on an income statement, yet its measurement and recognition remain riddled with interpretive complexity that standard-setters have never fully resolved. This article examines how entities account for interest costs and their associated liabilities under both IFRS and US GAAP, with particular attention to the effective interest method, the classification of financial instruments, and the fair value option. Rather than treating these as settled technical matters, the article surfaces the genuine ambiguities that practitioners confront — from the boundary between borrowing costs eligible for capitalisation and those that must flow through profit or loss, to the asymmetric treatment of own credit risk under the fair value option. The discussion draws on the requirements of IFRS 9, IAS 23, IAS 32, ASC 835, and ASC 470, while acknowledging that no amount of standard-setting eliminates the role of judgment. The central argument is that the current framework, while largely coherent, rests on assumptions about market behaviour and management intent that do not always hold in practice, and that preparers, auditors, and users of financial statements all benefit from engaging with these tensions rather than papering over them
LINGVOPOETIC ASPECTS OF THE CONCEPT "WOMAN" IN ZULFIYA KUROLBOY KIZI PROSE
This article explores the lingvopoetic and aesthetic dimensions of the concept "woman" as manifested in the contemporary Uzbek prose of Zulfiya Kurolboy Kizi. By positioning the linguistic choices within the framework of literary text analysis, the study decodes how specific lexical-semantic devices—such as metaphors, epithets, and stylistic contrasts—are employed to construct multidimensional female characters. The research illuminates the delicate interplay between an author’s individual style and the linguistic embodiment of emotional, cognitive, and social realities faced by women in modern Uzbek society. Through a rigorous lingvopoetic lens, the concept "woman" is shown to transcend basic lexical categories, becoming a dominant structural and aesthetic node in the text
DINIY LEKSIKANING POST MODERNIZM DAVRIDA LINGVOKUKTUROLOGIK JIHATI (O’ZBEK ADABIYOTI MISOLIDA)
Ushbu tadqiqot postmodernizm davri o‘zbek adabiyotida diniy leksikaning lingvokulturologik xususiyatlarini yoritishga bag‘ishlangan. Maqolada diniy mazmundagi leksik birliklarning badiiy matnda qanday madaniy va milliy ma’nolarni ifodalashi, ularning muallif badiiy niyatini ochishdagi hamda o‘quvchining matnni talqin etish jarayonidagi o‘rni tahlil qilinadi. Shuningdek, diniy leksikaning postmodern asarlarda ramziy, estetik va madaniy yuklamani shakllantirishdagi funksiyalari ko‘rib chiqiladi. Tadqiqot natijalari diniy leksik birliklar o‘zbek xalqining ma’naviy merosi va madaniy qadriyatlarini aks ettirish bilan birga, postmodern badiiy tafakkurning muhim lingvokulturologik unsurlaridan biri ekanligini ko‘rsatadi
“MAQSAD QOʻYISH” TRENING MASHGʻULOTI MAVZUSIDA DELINKVENT XULQ-ATVORGA EGA BOʻLGAN OʻQUVCHILAR BILAN TRENING MASHGʻULOTLARI TASHKIL ETISH
Ushbu maqolada ta’lim muassasalarida psixologik treninglarni o‘tkazish, inson hayotida treninglarni o‘rni, shaxsda vujudga kelishi mumkin bo‘lgan muammolarni yechish uchun malaka va ko‘nikmalarning hosil bo‘lishida trening jarayoni ahamiyati, psixologik treninglarni tashkil etish, trening bosqichlari, trening maqsadlari, trening jarayonida amal qilinishi lozim bo‘lgan qonunlar to‘g‘risida ma’mulotlar berilgan
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE ADJECTIVE IN UZBEK, RUSSIAN, TURKISH, ENGLISH, AND GERMAN LANGUAGES
This research presents a comparative linguistic analysis of adjectives in five languages: Uzbek, Russian, Turkish, English, and German. The study aims to identify similarities and differences in the morphological, syntactic, and semantic functions of adjectives across these languages, which belong to different language families. Using descriptive, contrastive, and typological methods, the analysis explores adjective formation, degree of comparison, agreement, and syntactic position. Findings show that while Uzbek and Turkish adjectives share agglutinative and suffix-based structures typical of Turkic languages, Russian and German rely on inflection and agreement, whereas English demonstrates a predominantly analytic system. The results highlight the influence of linguistic typology and historical development on adjective structure and usage, providing insights into cross-linguistic understanding and translation equivalence
TIBBIYOTDA SUN’IY INTELLEKT: KELAJAK KASBINI TANLASHDA MENING QARASHLARIM
Ushbu maqolada akademik litsey o‘quvchisining nigohi orqali zamonaviy tibbiyotda sun’iy intellekt (SI) texnologiyalarining o‘rni va ahamiyati yoritilgan. Unda biologiya, kimyo va informatika fanlariga qiziquvchi o‘smir sifatida neyron tarmoqlarining kasalliklarni aniqlash, tibbiy tasvirlarni tahlil qilish va yangi dorilar yaratishdagi imkoniyatlari kashf etiladi. Shuningdek, maqolada kelajakda shifokorlik kasbini tanlamoqchi bo‘lgan yoshlarning raqamli texnologiyalarga moslashishi va kiber-tibbiyot sohasidagi shaxsiy qarashlari bayon etilgan
OʻQUVCHILARDA MOLIYAVIY SAVODXONLIKNI SHAKLLANTIRISHDA MATNLI MATEMATIK MASALALARNING OʻRNI VA PEDAGOGIK STRATEGIYALARI
Ushbu maqolada akademik litseylar tizimida aniq va tabiiy fanlar yo‘nalishidagi o‘quvchilarning moliyaviy savodxonligini oshirishda matnli matematik masalalarning o‘rni tahlil qilingan. Litsey o‘quvchilarining yosh xususiyatlari va tayyorgarlik darajasidan kelib chiqqan holda, algebra va matematik analiz elementlari kursiga iqtisodiy mazmundagi murakkab matnli masalalarni integratsiya qilish metodikasi yoritilgan. Maqolada oddiy va murakkab foizlar, progressiyalar, chiziqli va chiziqli bo‘lmagan modellar yordamida bank amaliyotlari hamda shaxsiy investitsiyalarni optimallashtirish masalalari matematik tahlil etilgan. Shuningdek, dars jarayonida Desmos va GeoGebra kabi zamonaviy raqamli texnologiyalardan foydalanishning pedagogik samaradorligi asoslab berilgan
DARSLARDA SUN’IY INTELLEKTDAN FOYDALANISH VA UNI TA’LIM JARAYONIGA JORIY ETISHNING METODIK ASOSLARI
Ushbu maqolada zamonaviy ta’lim tizimida, xususan, akademik litseylarda sun’iy intellekt (SI) texnologiyalaridan foydalanishning ilmiy-uslubiy asoslari ва ularni dars jarayoniga joriy etish imkoniyatlari atroflicha tahlil qilinadi. Muallif ta’limni individuallashtirish, moslashuvchan o‘qitish tizimlari, vizuallashtirish hamda talabalar bilimini avtomatlashtirilgan holda baholashda SI vositalarining rolini yoritib beradi. Maqolada akademik litsey o‘qituvchilari uchun dars sifati va samaradorligini oshirishga xizmat qiladigan aniq raqamli vositalar, sun’iy intellektni pedagogik amaliyotga tatbiq etish strategiyalari va yuzaga kelishi mumkin bo‘lgan metodik muammolar bayon etilgan
ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ ЦИФРОВЫХ РЕСУРСОВ НА УРОКАХ БИОЛОГИИ В АКАДЕМИЧЕСКОМ ЛИЦЕЕ: МЕТОДИЧЕСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫ И ПРАКТИЧЕСКИЙ ОПЫТ
В данной статье подробно рассматриваются научно-методические основы и практический опыт интеграции цифровых образовательных ресурсов (ЦОР) в процесс преподавания биологии в академических лицеях. Автор анализирует специфику применения мультимедийных технологий, трехмерного моделирования, виртуальных лабораторий и интерактивных платформ при изучении сложных биологических концепций, требующих высокого уровня абстрактного мышления. В работе обосновывается, что систематическое использование цифровых инструментов способствует не только интенсификации учебного процесса, но и формированию у лицеистов исследовательских компетенций, критического мышления и готовности к продолжению профильного образования в высших учебных заведениях
ARTISTIC INTERPRETATION OF INTERTEXTUAL CONNECTIONS BETWEEN THE NOVELS TO KILL A MOCKINGBIRD AND JASPER JONES
This paper discusses the fundamentals of the intertextual implementation of the two selected novels, namely To Kill a Mockingbird (1960) by Harper Lee and Jasper Jones (2009) by Craig Silvey. From the results of the analysis conducted by the author, it is revealed that each single text coexists with other texts, and cannot stand in isolation from other literary texts. Firstly, it examines the direct application of intertextual relationships among selected novels through a comprehensive discussion of intertextuality. It further explores the themes of silence and speech within these texts and concludes by analyzing their connection to philosophical transformations in human consciousness and thought
KARATE SPORT TURI ORQALI YOSHLARNI SOG‘LOM TURMUSH TARZIGA YO‘NALTIRISH MASALALARI
Mazkur maqolada karate sport turi orqali yoshlarni sog‘lom turmush tarziga yo‘naltirish masalalari tahlil qilingan. Karate mashg‘ulotlarining yoshlar salomatligini mustahkamlash, jismoniy sifatlarini rivojlantirish, ma’naviy-axloqiy tarbiyasini yuksaltirish hamda zararli odatlarning oldini olishdagi ahamiyati yoritilgan. Shuningdek, karate sportining sog‘lom avlodni tarbiyalash va yoshlarning bo‘sh vaqtini mazmunli tashkil etishdagi o‘rni ilmiy jihatdan asoslangan
OILADA OTA VA ONANING O‘RNI HAMDA FARZANDLIK BURCHI: IJTIMOIY-PEDAGOGIK TAHLIL
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">Ushbu maqolada sharqona va o‘zbekona oila modelida ota va onaning o‘ziga xos ijtimoiy-ma’naviy o‘rni, ularning oila barqarorligi hamda farzand tarbiyasidagi mas’uliyati pedagogik nuqtai nazardan tahlil qilinadi. Shuningdek, maqolada farzandlik burchi tushunchasining axloqiy va huquqiy jihatlari, yosh avlod ongida ota-onaga bo‘lgan hurmat hamda mas’uliyat tuyg‘usini shakllantirish omillari yoritib berilgan. Material akademik litseylarning pedagog xodimlari, guruh murabbiylari va ma’naviy-ma’rifiy ishlar bo‘yicha mutaxassislar uchun metodik manba sifatida xizmat qiladi
YONILG’I PURKASH TIZIMLARIDA ISHLATILADIGAN DATCHIK VA IJROCHI MEXANIZMLARNI ROSTLASH ISHLARI
Maqolada yonilg‘i purkash tizimlarida ishlatiladigan datchik va ijrochi mexanizmlarni rostlash jarayonlari tahlil qilinadi. Avtomobil dvigatellari samaradorligini oshirish va chiqindilarni kamaytirish maqsadida, datchiklar va ijrochi mexanizmlarning to‘g‘ri ishlashi muhim ahamiyatga ega. Maqolada turli xil datchiklar, ularning funktsiyalari va roli, shuningdek, ijrochi mexanizmlarning ishlash prinsiplari ko‘rib chiqiladi. Rostlash jarayoni davomida amalga oshirilishi kerak bo‘lgan asosiy parametrlar va usullar taqdim etiladi. Ushbu tadqiqot, yonilg‘i purkash tizimlarining samaradorligini oshirish va avtomobil sanoatidagi ekologik talablarni bajarishga yordam beradi
SWOT TAHLIL ASOSIDA KELAJAKDAGI BIZNESNI TAHLIL QILISH
Maqolada SWOT tahlil usuli asosida kelajakdagi biznesni o'rganish va tahlil qilish jarayoni ko'rib chiqiladi. SWOT (Kuchli tomonlar, Zaif tomonlar, Imkoniyatlar, Tahdidlar) tahlili biznes strategiyalarini shakllantirishda muhim rol o'ynaydi. Maqolada SWOT tahlilining har bir elementi batafsil bayon etilib, kelajakda muvaffaqiyatli biznes yuritish uchun qanday imkoniyatlar va tahdidlar mavjudligi tahlil qilinadi. Shuningdek, kuchli va zaif tomonlarni aniqlash orqali biznesning raqobatbardoshligini oshirish yo'llari ko'rsatiladi. Ushbu maqola tadbirkorlar, investorlar va biznes strategiyalari bilan shug'ullanadigan mutaxassislar uchun foydali manba<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> bo'lishi kutilmoqda
ОЦЕНКА БИОМАРКЕРОВ ВОСПАЛЕНИЯ, ОКСИДАТИВНОГО СТРЕССА И НЕЙРОТРОФИЧЕСКИХ ФАКТОРОВ У ПАЦИЕНТОВ С ХРОНИЧЕСКОЙ ИШЕМИЕЙ МОЗГА I–II СТАДИИ ПОСЛЕ ПЕРСОНАЛИЗИРОВАННОЙ ПРОГРАММЫ РЕАБИЛИТАЦИИ
Хроническая ишемия мозга (ХИМ) I–II стадии сопровождается не только когнитивными нарушениями, но и системными изменениями, включая хроническое воспаление, окислительный стресс и снижение уровня нейротрофической поддержки. Оценка молекулярных маркеров воспаления и нейропластичности позволяет объективно судить об эффективности реабилитационных мероприятий и прогнозировать клинический исход. В этой связи интерес представляет влияние персонализированной медицинской реабилитации на динамику биологических показателей, отражающих патогенетические механизмы ХИМ
ВЛИЯНИЕ ИСКУССТВЕННОГО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТА НА УПРАВЛЕНИЕ ТРАНСПОРТНЫМИ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЯМИ
В статье проведён комплексный анализ влияния технологий искусственного интеллекта (ИИ) на систему управления транспортными предприятиями. Выявлены и систематизированы пять ключевых направлений применения ИИ: оптимизация маршрутов и планирования перевозок, предиктивное техническое обслуживание подвижного состава, автоматизация диспетчерского управления, обеспечение транспортной безопасности и управление персоналом. На основе анализа международного опыта (Deutsche Bahn, DHL, Singapore LTA) и опыта стран СНГ и Центральной Азии (РЖД, Узбекские железные дороги, интеллектуальные транспортные системы Ташкента) показано, что внедрение ИИ-решений обеспечивает снижение операционных расходов на 10–25%, сокращение внеплановых простоев подвижного состава на 20–40% и повышение пунктуальности перевозок на 15–30%. Систематизированы основные барьеры цифровой трансформации транспортной отрасли и разработаны практические рекомендации по их преодолению. Результаты исследования адресованы руководителям транспортных предприятий, разработчикам ИИ-решений и органам государственного управления транспортным комплексом
TABIIY FANLAR DARSLARINI VIZUALLASHTIRISHDA SUN’IY INTELLEKT VA ONLAYN PLATFORMALARDAN OQILONA FOYDALANISHNING AHAMIYATI
Ushbu maqolamizda boshlang‘ich ta’limda tabiiy fanlar darslarini tashkil etishda sun’iy intellektlar va texnologiyalarining tabiiy fanlar fanidagi hamda umuman ta’lim jarayonidagi o‘rni va ahamiyati tahlil qilinadi. Tabiiy fanlar darslarida aniqlikka katta e’tibor qaratmasa-da, sun’iy intellekt vositasitalari yordamida tabiiy hodisalarni chuqur tahlil qilish imkoniyati kengayadi. Maqolamizda onlayn platformalar pedagogik texnologiyalarining dars materiallarini izlash, axborotlar bazasini kengaytirish, baholash jarayonini adolatli tashkil etish, laboratoriya mashg‘ulotlarini vizuallashtirish kabi jihatlarda qo‘llanishi yoritilgan. Shuningdek, maqolada sun’iy intellekt yordamida moslashtirilgan va shaxsiylashtirilgan ta’lim yondashuvlarini shakllantirish orqali ta’lim samaradorligini oshirish masalalari ko‘rib chiqiladi
TALABALAR ORASIDA KURASH SPORTINI OMMALASHTIRISH YO’LLARI
Ushbu maqolada talabalar orasida milliy sportimiz kurashni ommalashtirishning samarali yo'llari tahlil qilingan. Kurashning yoshlar salomatligi va jismoniy rivojlanishidagi ahamiyati, shuningdek, uning milliy qadriyatlarimizni targ'ib qilishdagi o'rni yoritilgan. Maqolada talabalar o'rtasida kurash musobaqalarini muntazam tashkil etish, sport infratuzilmasini yaxshilash va targ'ibot ishlarini kuchaytirish kabi takliflar ilgari surilgan. Talabalar orasida sog'lom turmush tarzini shakllantirish va milliy sportimizning kelajak avlodlarga yetib borishini ta'minlash maqsad qilingan
PRIDE AND PREJUDICE" PLOT DYNAMICS AND NARRATIVE STRATEGIES (DIALOGUES, INTERPOLAR CONNECTIONS)
This article provides a scientific analysis of the plot dynamics and narrative strategies of the novel "Pride and Prejudice." The work reveals the artistic function of dialogues, ironic expression and inter-episode connections. In the development of the plot, the psychological evolution of the characters and the author's limited narrative perspective are evaluated as key factors
Ushbu maqolada Mustaqil Davlatlar Hamdo‘stligi (MDH) mamlakatlarida inklyuziv ta’limning rivojlanish jarayonlari, bu borada amalga oshirilayotgan islohotlar va erishilayotgan natijalar tahlil qilingan. Litva, Armaniston, Ozarbayjon, Qirg‘iziston va Qozog‘iston misolida maxsus ehtiyojli bolalarni umumta’lim tizimiga integratsiyalash tajribalari, qonunchilik asoslari hamda pedagogik qo‘llab-quvvatlash mexanizmlari yoritilgan
ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЕ ПОСЛЕДСТВИЯ УДАЛЁННОЙ РАБОТЫ В ЦИФРОВОЙ ЭКОНОМИКЕ
Данная статья посвящена исследованию экономических последствий массового распространения удалённой формы занятости в условиях цифровой трансформации глобальной экономики. На основе анализа статистических данных за период 2019–2024 годов рассматриваются изменения в производительности труда, структуре занятости, доходах домохозяйств и городской экономике. Установлено, что переход на удалённую работу генерирует как существенные экономические выгоды — снижение операционных затрат компаний, рост благосостояния работников, освоение новых рынков труда, — так и значительные риски, включая углубление цифрового неравенства, фискальные потери городских агломераций и трансформацию рынка коммерческой недвижимости. Полученные результаты позволяют обосновать рекомендации по формированию государственной политики в сфере регулирования дистанционного труда
YANGI OʻZBEKISTONNING MAʼNAVIY YUKSALISH JARAYONLARI VA UNI RIVOJLANTIRUVCHI OMILLARNI OʻRGANISH ZARURATI
Mazkur maqolada Yangi O‘zbekistonda amalga oshirilayotgan ma’naviy yuksalish jarayonlarining mazmun-mohiyati, uning jamiyat taraqqiyotidagi o‘rni hamda ushbu jarayonni rivojlantiruvchi asosiy omillar tahlil qilinadi. Tadqiqotda ma’naviy yangilanishning ijtimoiy, siyosiy, madaniy va ta’limiy asoslari yoritilib, yoshlar tarbiyasi, milliy qadriyatlarni asrash, ma’rifatni rivojlantirish va fuqarolik jamiyatini mustahkamlashdagi ahamiyati ochib beriladi. Shuningdek, ma’naviy taraqqiyotning zamonaviy bosqichida davlat siyosati, ta’lim tizimi, oila instituti va ommaviy axborot vositalarining o‘rni ilmiy jihatdan baholanadi. Tadqiqot natijalari Yangi O‘zbekiston sharoitida ma’naviy yuksalishni ta’minlashga xizmat qiluvchi ustuvor yo‘nalishlarni aniqlash imkonini beradi
Mazkur maqolada Turkistonda ta’lim tizimining shakllanishi va rivojlanishida jadidchilik harakatining tutgan o‘rni tahlil qilinadi. Jadid ma’rifatparvarlarining yangi usul maktablarini tashkil etish, zamonaviy fanlarni o‘quv jarayoniga joriy etish hamda milliy uyg‘onish g‘oyalarini targ‘ib qilish borasidagi faoliyati yoritiladi. Shuningdek, jadidlarning pedagogik qarashlari, ta’lim mazmunini yangilashga qaratilgan islohotlari va ularning Turkiston ijtimoiy-madaniy taraqqiyotiga ko‘rsatgan ta’siri ilmiy manbalar asosida tahlil etiladi. Tadqiqot natijasida jadidchilik harakati milliy ta’lim tizimini modernizatsiya qilishda muhim omil bo‘lgani hamda bugungi ta’lim islohotlari uchun ham muhim tarixiy tajriba vazifasini o‘tashi asoslab beriladi
LAND, CULTURAL IDENTITY, AND RURAL LIFE IN WILLA CATHER’S MY ÁNTONIA AND TOGʻAY MUROD’S OTAMDAN QOLGAN DALALAR: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
This study explores the representation of land, cultural identity, and rural life in Willa Cather’s My Ántonia and Togʻay Murod’s Otamdan qolgan dalalar (Fields Inherited from My Father). Although these novels originate from different cultural and historical contexts, both portray the deep connection between individuals and the land they inhabit. Employing a comparative literary approach, the research examines how the two authors use rural settings to construct cultural identity, preserve collective memory, and express social values. The study applies comparative textual analysis supported by concepts from cultural memory studies and ecocriticism. The findings reveal that land functions not only as a physical environment but also as a symbol of heritage, belonging, and continuity. While Cather emphasizes immigrant experiences and adaptation to the American prairie, Togʻay Murod highlights ancestral inheritance and the preservation of national identity through agricultural traditions. The analysis demonstrates that both novels contribute significantly to the understanding of rural literature and cultural memory despite their distinct literary traditions. The study also identifies common themes of resilience, attachment to homeland, and the role of rural communities in shaping individual and collective identities
TURLI DARAJADAGI AKADEMIK MOTIVATSIYANING TALABALAR O‘QUV FAOLIYATI BILAN O‘ZARO ALOQASI
Mazkur maqolada talabalarning akademik motivatsiyasi va uning o‘quv faoliyati bilan o‘zaro bog‘liqligi psixologik nuqtai nazardan tahlil qilingan. Akademik motivatsiyaning ichki va tashqi turlari, motivatsiya darajalarining talabalarning o‘quv faolligi, o‘zlashtirishi, mustaqil ta’limga bo‘lgan munosabati hamda kasbiy shakllanishiga ta’siri yoritilgan. Shuningdek, ushbu yo‘nalishda olib borilgan mahalliy va xorijiy tadqiqotlar natijalari tahlil qilinib, talabalarda akademik motivatsiyani rivojlantirish bo‘yicha amaliy tavsiyalar ishlab chiqilgan
TEACHING STUDENTS THE BASICS OF BIOETHICS, PEDAGOGICAL APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY
This article bioethics the basics to the students in teaching effective pedagogical approach and methodologies The article is aimed at to the students genetic, medical and biological ethics in teaching pedagogical methods how application, scientific theory to practice how integration to do studies. Bioethics education current importance, scientific approaches and of the students methodical abilities about analysis take Also, bioethics according to in education to the surface coming problems and their solutions discussion The article is written in the style of bioethical issues to understand help giving pedagogical strategies and methods working comes out
PRAGMATIC FEATURES OF CONNECTING CONSTRUCTIONS IN ENGLISH DISCOURSE
This study analyzes the pragmatic features of connecting constructions in contemporary English discourse. While syntax explains their structural links, this research demonstrates that their full meaning depends heavily on context, speaker intentions, and situational factors. Based on Relevance Theory and politeness frameworks, the paper examines how connectors operate as dynamic pragmatic signals that guide the hearer’s interpretation. In written academic and literary texts (e.g., C. Brontë, F. S. Fitzgerald), markers like however, nevertheless, and consequently ensure textual cohesion and narrative depth. In contrast, in spontaneous spoken discourse (e.g., G. Orwell), markers such as well, so, you know, and actually manage conversational flow, mitigate disagreement, and maintain social harmony. The study concludes that connecting constructions are context-dependent cognitive tools essential for effective communication