ENDOMETRIOSIS: MODERN CONCEPTS OF ETIOLOGY, DIAGNOSIS, AND TREATMENT

Abstrak

Endometriosis affects approximately 10% of women of reproductive age – about 190 million people worldwide. At the same time, in many countries, an average of 7–10 years passes from the onset of the first symptoms to diagnosis. Endometriosis is a chronic gynecological disease in which tissue similar to the endometrium appears outside the uterine cavity. The disease is more common in women of reproductive age and can significantly affect quality of life. The main symptoms are severe pain during menstruation, chronic pelvic pain, pain during intercourse, as well as disorders of the intestines and urinary system. Endometriosis can also be associated with difficulty conceiving. The exact cause of the disease has not been fully established. Hormonal, immune, genetic, and inflammatory factors may be involved in its development. For diagnosis, medical history taking, gynecological examination, ultrasound, and, if necessary, MRI are used. In some cases, laparoscopy is used. Treatment is selected individually. It may include painkillers and hormonal medications, and in certain cases, surgical treatment. If pregnancy is planned, the doctor also considers the impact of the disease and treatment on reproductive function. Thus, endometriosis requires timely diagnosis and individualized treatment. The main goals of therapy are reducing pain, improving quality of life, and preserving reproductive health