CONTEMPORARY INSIGHTS INTO THE CLINICAL AND PATHOGENETIC INTERRELATIONSHIP BETWEEN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS AND METABOLIC SYNDROME

Abstrak

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic autoimmune inflammatory disease characterized by progressive joint destruction, extra-articular manifestations, and a high risk of early disability [1,2]. In recent years, increasing attention has been focused on the high prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) among patients with RA and its significant impact on disease activity, therapeutic response, and cardiovascular prognosis [4,7,10]. Metabolic syndrome, which includes insulin resistance, abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia, and arterial hypertension, is considered a key component of systemic inflammation in RA [5,9,14]. This review analyzes current concepts regarding the pathogenetic mechanisms linking immune-mediated inflammation and metabolic disturbances, the role of adipokines and insulin resistance, the clinical significance of RA–MetS comorbidity, as well as contemporary diagnostic and therapeutic approaches