TENSE, ASPECT, AND MODALITY: STRUCTURAL PARALLELS AND DIVERGENCES IN ENGLISH AND UZBEK LANGUAGES

Abstrak

This paper presents a comparative linguistic analysis of the grammatical categories of tense, aspect, and modality (TAM) in English and Uzbek. As two languages from distinct typological families, Indo-European and Turkic, they exhibit both structural parallels and striking divergences in expressing temporal and modal meanings. The study explores morphological markers, syntactic constructions, and semantic interpretations associated with TAM in both languages. Using comparative and descriptive linguistic methods, examples from authentic sources and corpora demonstrate that English relies mainly on auxiliary verbs and periphrastic constructions, while Uzbek employs agglutinative suffixation and analytic markers. The findings reveal that, despite structural differences, both systems fulfill universal communicative functions such as situating actions in time, indicating aspectual perspective, and expressing modality through necessity, possibility, and intention