SEMANTIC ADAPTATION OF BORROWINGS IN LANGUAGE COGNITION

Abstract

This article examines the process of semantic adaptation of borrowings within the framework of language cognition. The study analyzes how borrowed lexical units undergo semantic transformation after entering a recipient language and how cognitive mechanisms influence their reinterpretation. Particular attention is paid to semantic narrowing, broadening, metaphorization, and conceptual restructuring of loanwords in English and other languages. The research is based on cognitive linguistics, sociolinguistics, and language contact theory. The findings demonstrate that semantic adaptation reflects not only linguistic change but also cultural interaction, globalization, and the cognitive categorization processes of language users