THE SIGNIFICANCE OF DHIKR IN THE LIVES OF THE KHOJAGAN-NAQSHBANDI SHAYKHS OF MAWARANNAHR

Аннотация

This article examines the significance of dhikr in the lives and teachings of the Khojagan–Naqshbandi shaykhs of Mawarannahr and analyzes the spiritual, ethical, and social foundations of the Naqshbandiyya tariqa. Particular attention is devoted to the development of silent dhikr (dhikr khafi), the integration of spirituality into everyday social life, and the role of remembrance of God in moral and spiritual refinement. The study explores the formative contributions of major spiritual figures, especially Khwaja Mahmud Anjir Faghnawi and Khwaja Baha al-Din Naqshband al-Bukhari, whose teachings established the Naqshbandi understanding of inward spirituality combined with active participation in society. The article highlights how the Naqshbandi tradition emphasized sincerity (ikhlas), refined ethical conduct (adab), social responsibility, and spiritual awareness while rejecting excessive asceticism and isolation from communal life. Furthermore, it demonstrates that dhikr in the Naqshbandi worldview functioned not merely as verbal remembrance, but as a continuous inward state of consciousness and spiritual presence with God. The research concludes that the spiritual legacy of the Khojagan–Naqshbandi shaykhs continues to provide important moral and intellectual guidance for contemporary society