LEXICAL TRANSFORMATIONS AND PRAGMATIC EQUIVALENCE IN ENGLISH–UZBEK NEWSPAPER TRANSLATION A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS

Abstrak

The translation of English newspaper articles into Uzbek involves complex linguistic, cultural, and pragmatic challenges that cannot always be resolved through direct lexical equivalence. This study investigates the application of lexical transformations in English–Uzbek journalistic discourse, focusing on modulation, concretization, generalization, explicitation, and grammatical restructuring. The theoretical framework integrates the contributions of Uzbek translation scholars Ghaybulla Salomov, Qudrat Musayev, Ibrohim Ghofurov, Shuhrat Sirojiddinov, and Gulnoza Odilova with international approaches developed by Mona Baker, Peter Newmark, and Christiane Nord. The research employs qualitative comparative analysis of five selected extracts from British newspaper discourse, examining the relationship between lexical meaning, contextual interpretation, and pragmatic equivalence. The analysis demonstrates how context-sensitive transformations can preserve factual information, evaluative meaning, and communicative effectiveness while accommodating the linguistic conventions of Uzbek. The study contributes to discussions of translation equivalence by connecting the theoretical traditions of Uzbek translation studies with contemporary approaches to media translation