NEURAL INTERFACE TECHNOLOGY: ADVANCES, APPLICATIONS, CHALLENGES, AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES

Abstract

Neural Interface Technology (NIT), commonly referred to as Brain–Computer Interface (BCI), is an interdisciplinary field that enables direct communication between the human nervous system and external devices. By translating neural activity into digital signals, neural interfaces allow individuals to control machines, prosthetic limbs, and computer systems without relying on traditional muscular pathways. Recent advancements in neuroscience, artificial intelligence, and biomedical engineering have significantly improved the efficiency and accuracy of these systems. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of neural interface technology, including its historical development, underlying mechanisms, current applications, technical limitations, ethical considerations, and future prospects. The study emphasizes the transformative potential of neural interfaces while highlighting the importance of responsible innovation and ethical governance