ANALYSIS OF COMMON NOUNS (IN ENGLISH AND RUSSIAN)

Abstract

This research presents an extensive linguistic investigation of proper nouns in English and Uzbek. It explores the grammatical, semantic, and functional features of proper nouns across both languages. The study examines how proper nouns are formed, how they operate syntactically, and how cultural-historical elements contribute to naming systems. Differences in anthroponyms, toponyms, institutional names, and titles are analyzed in detail. Capitalization rules, morphosyntactic integration, the role of case categories in Uzbek, and article usage in English are thoroughly discussed. The research also highlights transliteration challenges, phonetic adaptation, inconsistency in rendering names across languages, and issues arising in translation. Proper nouns play a crucial nominative function, serving as precise identifiers in communication. They directly influence sentence structure and discourse interpretation in both languages. Modern onomastic principles, structural linguistics, cognitive analysis, and sociolinguistic approaches are applied in this research. Findings indicate that although proper nouns share universal identity functions, their grammatical behavior in English and Uzbek differs fundamentally